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SC中独立主格的语义考察
很多同学在做句子改错的时候，对于独立主格这种英语结构会比较迷惑，今天我们从基本的独立主格的构成和它在句中表达的意思两个角度来分析一下。
独立主格，首先它是一个“格”，而不是一个“句子”，在英语中任何一个句子都要有主谓结构，而在这个结构中，没有真正的主语和谓语动词，但又在逻辑上构成主谓或主表关系。
“独立主格结构”在句中的功能就相当于一个带有自己主语的状语，一种从属分句，在句中有多种作用。如：表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等，在句中通常起状语作用；有时又相当于并列句。
我们来看几个例句：
The work done(=After the work had been done) , we went
home.
Weather permitting(＝If weather permits) , they will go on an
outing to the beach tomorrow.
A hunter came in, his face red with cold(=and his face was red
with cold) .
with型独立主格
这一种独立主格在句中只表达两种意思，一种表伴随，一种表原因
He was lying on the grass, with his hands crossing under his
head (=while his hands were crossing under his head) .
With all the courses available(＝because all the courses are
available) , we can get good education.
OK，我们知识点讲到这里，我们接下来做题练习一下：
Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy, and saw monkey
sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang like socks on a clothesline.
A. saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang
B. saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs were hanging
C. saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging
D. seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging
E. seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs have hung
解析：首先ABE选项，whose就近修饰branches，语义不合理，树枝不可能有arms和legs，也不可能像袜子一样垂悬状，C选项，根据前面的have often looked up into，这里应该是完成时，D选项，正确，with型独立主格，表伴随，伴随前面动作的发生，说明前面猴子睡觉的状态。
12G备考资料